Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, often due to increased pressure inside the eye. If untreated, it can cause irreversible vision loss.
Types of glaucoma
- Open-angle glaucoma: Gradual drainage problem and pressure rise.
- Angle-closure glaucoma: Sudden pressure rise that can be an emergency.
- Normal-tension glaucoma: Optic nerve damage even with normal eye pressure.
Symptoms and diagnosis
Early glaucoma may have no symptoms. As it progresses, patients may notice peripheral vision loss, blurred vision, eye pain, halos, or headaches. Diagnosis can include pressure checks, optic nerve evaluation, visual field tests, and imaging.
Early diagnosis and long-term monitoring are key to preserving vision.